The course offers an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms regulating cellular processes in complex organisms, both in health and disease. It highlights the roles of cell plasticity and adaptability in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental cues. The genome is presented as the central input, with its structure and function ensuring cell identity and regulating transcription through a diverse array of interconnected epigenetic mechanisms. Key topics include genome integrity, transcriptional regulation, three-dimensional organization, and nuclear compartmentalization, all of which are dynamic, quantitative factors that operate at the single-cell level to govern tissue organization and specialization.